Vintage lenses offer unique characteristics, adding magic to landscape photos. Produced before the '90s, they provide distinctive colors and softness. Their unique optical properties can give a nostalgic feel to images, enhancing the overall aesthetic of landscape photography.
Neutral density filters come in various types, each serving a unique purpose. The most common are solid ND filters. These uniformly reduce the amount of light entering the lens, enabling longer exposure times or wider apertures in bright conditions without affecting color balance. I find them incredibly useful for achieving smooth water effects in landscapes or motion blur in crowded streets.
The role of UV filters in photography often sparks debate among photographers. Originally, UV filters were essential for film photography. Their primary purpose was to block ultraviolet light, which could cause haziness or blueish tints in photos, especially in high-altitude and maritime settings. Modern digital sensors do not suffer from UV sensitivity in the same way. This shift leads to a reassessment of UV filters' utility in contemporary photography.